Accident Database, including Risk Assessment Toolkit and Analysis

Data on rebreather accidents is needed by all involved with rebreathers, for developing safety cases and for business assessment.

The database published here comprises 4 categories of information:

  1. Comprehensive database of fatal rebreather accidents.
  2. Tools and example data enabling the significance of accidents to be assessed statistically.
  3. Training Material on rebreather accident investigation and associated data.
  4. Summary of incidents and accidents for training purposes.

Please report any new accidents or serious incidents to Dr. Vladimir Komarov at vladimir@deeplife.co.uk


excel


Accident Database and Reviews updated to 24th Sept 2008 (246KB)
The pubic extract of the Comprehensive Database of Rebreather Fatal Accidents and analysis, of 172 confirmed rebreather fatal accidents. Manufacturers can use this data to improve designs, instructors can use it to improve training, and divers can learn from it too. The main lessons for divers are:

BEFORE DIVING:
  1. Never go solo rebreather diving: it is not Open Circuit so the diver is unaware of exactly when a rebreather fails.
  2. Never dive a rebreather that you know to be faulty in any way.
  3. Always change your scrubber every 3 hours with either a Micropore EAC, Draeger Divesorb or Molecular Products Sofnolime.
  4. Always replace your O2 cells after a year of service, and discard no later than 2 years after manufacture.
  5. Always have eCCR heads factory serviced annually even though manufacturers generally do not require this. Essential safety corrections are made during annual servicing.
WHEN DIVING:
  1. Pre-breathe for at least 3 minutes to check your PPO2 is under control
  2. Look at your PPO2 on entry,
  3. Look at your PPO2 at least every minute on initial descent,
  4. Look at your PPO2 at least every 4 minutes on the bottom,
  5. Look at your PPO2 continuously during ascent.
  6. !! Never ascend on a rebreather if you cannot see your PPO2. !!
  7. Always use rebreathers as pure oxygen units when near the surface.
  8. Always watch for CO2 problems: increasing breathing rate, fear or discomfort
IF REBREATHER SHOW ALARM OR MALFUNCTIONS:
  1. Inject DIL manually, then think.
    Hypoxia kills without warning, so DIL injection should be an automatic reaction drilled into you when a problem occurs. Hypercapnia clouds your thinking, so flush before you think.
  2. Do NOT ascend.
  3. Do NOT continue on RB without injecting gas manually.

excel


Risk Analysis Toolkit with Sports Rebreather Database. Updated to 9th May 08
The toolkit enables different types, models and versions of rebreather to be compared for safety based on observed accidents. The spreadsheet also provides tools for the assessment of rebreather accident risk and potential liability. Excel macros must be enabled to use this toolkit.

A database for the sports rebreather market is provided as an example, from which is calculated the global sports rebreather market size, revenue, accident risk and liability to net margin. The database is also used to illustrate how safety can be quantified, comparing the risk of using mCCR versus eCCR as one example and the changes to particular rebreather models as another. Changes may including training and use.

This file is temporarily withdrawn because the legal right to publish the example data is being challenged. It will be reposted, in one form or another, as soon as these rights are clarified through due legal process.

Note: Commercial, Military and Professional rebreathers have a much lower risk, and data on these is provided under Non-Disclosure to companies working with Deep Life Ltd.


acrobat reader

Rebreather Accident Analysis: a short tutorial guide (59KB)
A short tutorial guide on the main steps in investigating a rebreather accident, for use as forensic training material.


Effect of water ingress on the breathing resistance of scrubbers using granular CO2 absorber (175KB)
Forensics report: The effect of water ingress on breathing resistance in a typical granular scrubber. Report enables packing to be assessed in rebreathers recovered after an accident where the equipment is flooded.

acrobat reader

How Rebreathers Kill People (68KB)
Incident reports showing some of the critical failures in rebreather design, and the actions that need to be taken to address them.